Saturday, July 15, 2017

ေသြးတိုး ေရာဂါ အေၾကာင္း ေလျဖတ္ေရာဂါ (Stroke) ျဖစ္ေစတဲ့ နံပါတ္တစ္ - Saw Yaw Shu

 ေသြးတိုး ေရာဂါ အေၾကာင္း သိေကာင္းစရာ

ေ သြးတိုး ေရာဂါဟာ ေလျဖတ္ေရာဂါ (Stroke) ျဖစ္ေစတဲ့ နံပါတ္တစ္ အေၾကာင္းရင္း ျဖစ္ျပီး ႏွလံုးေရာဂါ (ႏွလံုး ေသြးေၾကာ က်ဥ္းျခင္း/ ေသြးေၾကာ ပိတ္ျခင္း၊ ႏွလံုးၾကီးျခင္း) ျဖစ္ျခင္း၏ အဓိက အေၾကာင္းရင္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္.. ကမာၻတစ္ဝန္း လူသန္းေပါင္း တစ္ေထာင္၌ ေသြးတိုး ေရာဂါ ခံစား ေနၾကရျပီး ႏွစ္စဥ္ ၇.၁ သန္း ေသဆံုး ေစပါတယ္.. ကၽြမ္းက်င္ ေဆးပညာ႐ွင္ မ်ားက ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါကို တိတ္တဆိတ္ လူသတ္သမား (Silent Killer) လို႔ေတာင္ တင္စား ေခၚေဝၚ ၾကပါတယ္..

ေသြးဖိအားကို မီလီမီတာ မာက်ဴရီ ယူနစ္ျဖင့္ တိုင္းတာျပီး ႏွလံုးႂကြက္သား ညွစ္ထုတ္စဥ္ ေသြးေၾကာ အတြင္း ျဖစ္ေပၚေနေသာ ဖိအားကို အေပၚေသြး (Systolic Blood Pressure) ဟု ေခၚျပီး၊ ႏွလံုးႂကြက္သား မူလအတိုင္း ျပန္ဆန္႔စဥ္ ျဖစ္ေပၚေသာ ဖိအားကို ေအာက္ေသြး (Diastolic Blood Pressure) ဟုေခၚပါတယ္.. ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ႐ွိမ႐ွိကို နားလည္ တတ္ကၽြမ္းေသာ က်န္းမာေရး ဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားျဖင့္ အလြယ္တကူ စစ္ေဆးႏိုင္ျပီးအစားအေသာက္ အေနအထိုင္ ျပဳျပင္၍ ေဆးဝါး စနစ္တက် သံုးစြဲပါက ေရာဂါကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ ႏိုင္ပါတယ္.. "The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure" (JNC7) ၏ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ အရ ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ကို ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္း ခြဲျခား သတ္မွတ္ ထားပါတယ္..
ေသြးဖိအား အေျခအေန အသက္(၁၈)ႏွစ္ ႏွင့္ အထက္ လူၾကီး
အေပၚေသြး (Systolic BP in mmHg)
ေအာက္ေသြး (Diastolic BP in mmHg)
ပံုမွန္ (Normal) ၁၂၀ ေအာက္ ႏွင့္ ၈၀ ေအာက္

ပံုမွန္ထက္ ျမင့္မားျပီး ေသြးတုိး မဟုတ္သည့္ အေျခအေန (Prehypertension) ၁၂၀ မွ ၁၃၉ (သို႔) ၈၀ မွ ၈၉
အဆင့္(၁) ေသြးတိုး (Stage-1, Hypertension) ၁၄၀ မွ ၁၅၉ (သို႔) ၉၀ မွ ၉၉
အဆင့္(၂) ေသြးတိုး (Stage-2, Hypertension) ၁၆၀ ႏွင့္ အထက္ (သို႔) ၁၀၀ ႏွင့္ အထက္
ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ႐ွိသူမ်ား၏ ၉၀-၉၅% ဟာ အေၾကာင္းရင္း တိတိက်က် မသိရဘဲ ေသြးတိုးၾကျပီး (Essential Hypertension) ဟု ေခၚပါတယ္.. က်န္ ၅-၁၀% ကသာ ခႏၶာကိုယ္တြင္း ေရာဂါ တစ္မ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးေၾကာင့္ ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ (Secondary Hypertension) ခံစားေနရပါတယ္.. ၎ေရာဂါမ်ားမွာ ေက်ာက္ကပ္ေရာဂါမ်ား (Renal Diseases)၊ ေက်ာက္ကပ္ ေသြးေၾကာက်ဥ္း ေရာဂါ (Renovascular Hypertension)၊ ေသြးေၾကာမၾကီး ေရာဂါ(Coarctation of Aorta)၊ အဒရီနယ္ဂလင္း ေရာဂါမ်ား (Primary Aldosteronism, Cushing Syndrome, Pheochromocytoma...)၊ သိုင္း႐ိြဳက္ ေဟာ္မုန္း အထြက္လြန္ကဲေသာ ေရာဂါ (Hyperthyroidism)၊ ကိုယ္ဝန္ေဆာင္ ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ေသြးတိုးျခင္း (PIH)၊ ေသြးတိုး ေစေသာေဆး (Cocaine, Cyclosporin, Erythropoietin, Adrenergic medications,...) သံုးစြဲေနရျခင္း ႏွင့္ အရက္ ေသာက္သံုးျခင္း (Alcoholism) တို႔ျဖစ္ပါတယ္..

ေသြးဖိအား 115/75 mmHg ကို ပံုမွန္ထား၍ အေပၚေသြး 20 (or) ေအာက္ေသြး 10 mmHg စီ တိုးတိုင္း ႏွလံုးႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ေသာ ေရာဂါ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေျခ (Cardiovascular Disease Risk) ႏွစ္ဆ စီ တိုးလာပါတယ္.. အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံ National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys ၂၀၀၅-၂၀၀၆ ခုႏွစ္ စစ္တမ္းမွ အခ်က္ အလက္မ်ားကို ထုတ္ႏုတ္ တင္ျပရလွ်င္
အသက္ ၁၈ ႏွစ္ႏွင့္ အထက္ အေမရိကန္မ်ား၏ ၂၉% မွာ ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ခံစားေနရျပီး အသက္အ႐ြယ္ ၾကီးလာသည္ႏွင့္ အမွ် ျဖစ္ပြားႏႈန္း ျမင့္မားေနပါတယ္.. ၎တိ႔ုထဲတြင္ ၇% မွာ အသက္ ၁၈ ႏွစ္ မွ ၃၉ ႏွစ္အတြင္း ျဖစ္ျပီး၊ ၆၇% မွာ အသက္ ၆၀ ႏွစ္ႏွင့္ အထက္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္..
အသက္ ၁၈ ႏွစ္ႏွင့္ အထက္ အေမရိကန္မ်ား၏ ၃၇% မွာ ပံုမွန္ထက္ ေသြးဖိအား ျမင့္မားေနျပီး (Prehypertension) ၃၀% မွာ ၁၈ႏွစ္ မွ ၃၉ႏွစ္ အတြင္း ျဖစ္ျပီး ၃၈% မွာ ၆၀ႏွစ္ ႏွင့္ အထက္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္..



ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ လကၡဏာမ်ား

ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ႐ွိသူမ်ား၏ သံုးပံုတစ္ပံု ခန္႔မွာ မိမိတြင္ ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ႐ွိမွန္း မသိၾကသူမ်ား ျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္.. မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ေသြးတိုး လကၡဏာ မခံစားရသူ၊ ဘာလကၡဏာမွ မျပသူ မ်ားပါတယ္.. ခံစားရသူ အခ်ဳိ႕တြင္ ေခါင္းကိုက္ျခင္း၊ ဇက္ေၾကာတက္ျခင္း၊ မူးေဝျခင္း၊ အသက္႐ွဴ ျမန္လာျခင္း၊ အျမင္ ေဝဝါးလာျခင္း တို႔ ျဖစ္တတ္ပါတယ္.. အခ်ဳိ႕မွာ ေရာဂါ၏ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲ ဆိုးက်ဳိး လကၡဏာ (Complications) မ်ားျဖင့္ ျပတတ္ၾကပါတယ္.. ရင္ဘတ္ေအာင့္ျခင္း(ႏွလံုး ေသြးေၾကာ က်ဥ္းျခင္း)၊ ေလျဖတ္ျခင္း (ဦးေႏွာက္ ေသြးေၾကာ ပိတ္ျခင္း/ ေပါက္ျခင္း)၊ ေမာ၍ ေဖာေယာင္ျခင္း (ႏွလံုး ညွစ္အား နည္းျခင္း- Heart Failure)၊ မ်က္ႏွာ ေယာင္အမ္း လာျခင္း (ေက်ာက္ကပ္ ပ်က္စီးျခင္း-Renal Failure)၊ မ်က္စိ အျမင္ ခ်ဳိ႕ယြင္းလာျခင္း (Hypertensive Retinopathy) တို႔ ျဖင့္ လကၡဏာ ျပတတ္ ၾကပါတယ္..



ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ၏ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲ ဆိုးက်ဳိးမ်ား

ေသြးတိုး ေရာဂါေၾကာင့္ ႏွလံုးေသြးေၾကာမ်ား ထူအမ္း မာေက်ာလာျပီး (Atherosclerosis) ႏွလံုး ေသြးေၾကာ က်ဥ္းျခင္း/ ပိတ္ျခင္း (Heart Attack)၊ ႏွလံုးႂကြက္သားမ်ား ထူထဲလာျပီး (LVH) ႏွလံုးညွစ္အား ေလ်ာ့နည္းလာျခင္း (Heart Failure) တို႔ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာ တတ္ပါတယ္..
ဦးေႏွာက္ ေသြးေၾကာ ပိတ္ျခင္း (Ischemia)၊ ေသြးေၾကာ ေပါက္ျခင္း (Haemorrhage) တို႔ျဖစ္ေပၚ ေစျပီး ေလျဖတ္ေရာဂါ (Stroke) ျဖစ္ေပၚလာ တတ္ပါတယ္..
ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ တာ႐ွည္လာပါက ေက်ာက္ကပ္ ပ်က္စီးျပီး (Nephrosclerosis) ေက်ာက္ကပ္ လုပ္ငန္း ယိုယြင္းျခင္း (Renal Failure) ျဖစ္ေပၚ လာတတ္ ပါတယ္
မ်က္စိတြင္း႐ွိ ျမင္လႊာ (Retina) ေသြးေၾကာမ်ား ထိခိုက္ ပ်က္စီးျပီး အျမင္အာ႐ံု (Hypertensive Retinopathy) ထိခိုက္လာ တတ္ပါတယ္..



ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ႏိုင္မည့္ နည္းလမ္းမ်ား

JNC7 မွ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္အရ ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ ႐ွိသူမ်ားသည္ ေသြးဖိအားကို 140/90 mmHg ေအာက္ ႏွင့္ ဆီးခ်ဳိ၊ ေက်ာက္ကပ္ ေရာဂါ ႐ွိသူမ်ား အေနျဖင့္ 130/80 mmHg ေအာက္ ႐ွိေနေစရန္ ညႊန္ၾကား ထားပါတယ္.. ေသြးတိုး ေရာဂါကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ႏိုင္ရန္ ေအာက္ပါ အတိုင္း လိုက္နာ သင့္ပါတယ္..
ကိုယ္အေလးခ်ိန္ အဝ မလြန္ေစရန္ ထိန္းသိမ္း ထားရမည္.. Body Mass Index (BMI) ကို ၁၈.၅ မွ ၂၄.၅ အတြင္း ႐ွိေနေစရန္ ထိန္းထားရမည္..
လမ္းျမန္ျမန္ ေလွ်ာက္ျခင္း၊ စက္ဘီးစီးျခင္း၊ ေရကူးျခင္း ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ ကိုယ္လက္ လႈပ္႐ွား ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ကို ပံုမွန္ တစ္ေန႔ မိနစ္ ၃၀ လုပ္ရမည္..
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Eating Plan အရ သစ္သီး ဝလံမ်ား၊ ဟင္းသီး ဟင္း႐ြက္မ်ား၊ အဆီ ထုတ္ထားေသာ ႏို႔ႏွင့္ ႏို႔ထြက္ ပစၥည္းမ်ားကို မ်ားစြာ စားသံုးပါ.. ဆား (ဆိုဒီယမ္) နည္းေသာ အစာမ်ားကို ေ႐ြးခ်ယ္ စားသံုးပါ.. အထားခံေသာ အစာမ်ား (Preserved Food)၊ ျပဳျပင္ထားေသာ အစာမ်ား (Processed Food) သည္ ဆားပါဝင္မႈ မ်ားျပား ပါတယ္.. ငါးမ်ား၊ အဆီမပါေသာ အသားမ်ားကို စားသံုးပါ.. ကိုလက္စထေရာ မ်ားေသာ အဆီ၊ အဆိမ့္၊ အခ်ဳိမ်ားကို ေ႐ွာင္ပါ..
အရက္ အလြန္အကၽြံ ေသာက္သံုးျခင္းသည္ ေသြးတိုး ေစတတ္သျဖင့္ ေ႐ွာင္ၾကဥ္ပါ..
ေသြးတိုးေရာဂါ အတြက္ ဆရာဝန္ ညႊန္ၾကားထားေသာ ေသြးက်ေဆးမ်ားကို တိတိက်က် သံုးစြဲရမည္.

ကိုးကားခ်က္။
ေအာက္ပါ ဘေလာက္မွာ ျမန္မာလို က်န္းမာေရးနဲ႕ေရာဂါမ်ားစြာ တင္ျပထားပါတယ္။ 
http://knowledgeforyourhealth.blogspot.com/2016/01/blog-post_95.html

39 comments:

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